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rpm安装（以mysql 5.7.29为例）
1,在mysql官方网站下载rpm包,将文件传输到linux里
[root@localhost ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg mysql-community-5.7.29-1.el7.src.rpmmysql-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
2，解压 tar xf
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar [root@localhost ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfgmysql-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tarmysql-community-5.7.29-1.el7.src.rpmmysql-community-client-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-common-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-devel-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-embedded-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-libs-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-server-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-test-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
3，开始安装yum install mysql-community-* -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-community-* -y已加载插件：fastestmirror正在检查 mysql-community-5.7.29-1.el7.src.rpm: mysql-community-5.7.29-1.el7.src无法添加软件包 mysql-community-5.7.29-1.el7.src.rpm 至操作中。不属于任何可兼容的架构：src正在检查 mysql-community
4，启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld startRedirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
mysql daemon :守护进程就是一直在内存中运行的进程，不会停止，等着用户的访问
5，查看MySQL是否启动
如何判断一个进程是否启动？1,看进程 ps aux|grep mysqld2，看端口:netstat -anplut|grep mysqldlsof -i :3306
6，找到mysql的登录密码（临时）
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log|grep temp2020-10-05T06:58:28.967937Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fQxcO>d-q32:2020-10-05T06:58:31.509157Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
7，登录mysql：
mysql -uroot -p'>fQxcO>d-q32:'
8，重设mysql的root用户的密码（否则无法对数据库进行任何操作，会报错）
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Sanchuang123#';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
root@localhost 代表root用户只能在本地登录，不能在其他电脑上登录过来，进入mysql
查看mysql 里有哪些库
mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || sys |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql->库(database)–> 表(table)—>一行一行的数据(字段 ：field)
一个库对应一个文件mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || sys |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> exitBye#mysql里的库在/var/lib/mysql 下都有对应的文件[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql[root@localhost mysql]# lsauto.cnf ca.pem client-key.pem ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql.sock.lock private_key.pem server-cert.pem sysca-key.pem client-cert.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 mysql.sock performance_schema public_key.pem server-key.pem
创建一个库
mysql> create database sc;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
进入sc数据库
mysql> use sc;Database changed
查看数据库里有哪些表
mysql> show tables;Empty set (0.00 sec)
创建一个表
mysql> create table student(id int,name varchar(20),sex char(1),age int(3));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
一个表格需要包括列名，数据类型，字符串长度
查看表结构
mysql> desc student;+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | || sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | || age | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+4 rows in set (0.02 sec)
desc(describe 描述)
field：字段 id int（11） 但只能输入10个字符，有一位被符号位占用了varchar （variable character）可变长，更节省空间一些，根据具体的字段，来分配内存空间给你
char 不可变长，指定多少字节就会分配多少字节的内存给你
插入数据：后面的数据必须跟前面的对应
mysql> insert into changsha_food(id,name,star,address) values(1,'臭豆腐',10,'坡子街');ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xE8\x87\xAD\xE8\xB1\x86...' for column 'name' at row 1
出错原因：
rpm安装，默认的字符集是latin1,不支持中文可查看创建数据库的配置
mysql> show create database chenpeng;+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+| Database | Create Database |+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+| chenpeng | CREATE DATABASE `chenpeng` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
解决方法（永久：编译安装mysql 或二进制安装时指定字符集utf8）
解决方法（临时方法：在创建新的数据库时指定字符集为utf8(万国码)）mysql> create database chenpeng9 default charset utf8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show create database chenpeng;+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+| Database | Create Database |+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+| chenpeng | CREATE DATABASE `chenpeng` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show create database chenpeng9;+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+| Database | Create Database |+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+| chenpeng9 | CREATE DATABASE `chenpeng9` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
再用中文就不会出错了
mysql> create table changsha_food(id int(3),name varchar(10),star int(2),address varchar(20));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into changsha_food(id,name,star,address) values(1,'臭豆腐',10,'坡子街');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
查询并将结果显示出来
#显示全部mysql> select *from changsha_food;+------+--------------+------+------------+| id | name | star | address |+------+--------------+------+------------+| 1 | 臭豆腐 | 10 | 坡子街 || 1 | 茶颜悦色 | 10 | everywhere |+------+--------------+------+------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)#显示其中的几列mysql> select name,address from changsha_food;+--------------+------------+| name | address |+--------------+------------+| 臭豆腐 | 坡子街 || 茶颜悦色 | everywhere |+--------------+------------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
删除库
删除库很危险，里面的表也会被一起删除，所以删除库之前要先备份。mysql> drop database chenpeng;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || chenpeng9 || mysql || performance_schema || sc || sc_data || sys |+--------------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除表
mysql> show tables;+---------------------+| Tables_in_chenpeng9 |+---------------------+| changsha_food |+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> drop table changsha_food;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show tables;Empty set (0.00 sec)
退出数据库
quit 或exit转载地址：http://uqlzi.baihongyu.com/